Associação de alterações anatomopatológicas com o Helicobacter spp. por meio de análise imuno-histoquímica em estômagos de leitões / Association of anatomopathological changes with the Helicobacter spp. through immunohistochemical analysis in piglets stomachs

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar os achados anatomopatológicos das lesões gástricas subclínicas de ocorrência natural em leitões com a presença, ou não, de Helicobacter spp. por meio da imuno-histoquímica. Foram utilizados 48 leitões de linhagem genética comercial. Os animais foram adquiridos em uma granja comercial, com peso médio de 34 Kg e idade média de 79 dias; após o abate, seus estômagos foram coletados e avaliados. Avaliações histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas foram realizadas em amostras das regiões anatômicas aglandular e glandular. Macroscopicamente, 34 (70,83%) leitões apresentaram lesões na região aglandular, enquanto que em 14 animais (29,17%) não foram encontradas alterações nesta região. Dos estômagos com lesão, 14 foram classificados como grau 1, seis como grau 2 e 14 como grau 3. Microscopicamente, 44 amostras (91,66%) apresentaram paraqueratose. Deste total, 22 apresentaram a forma discreta, 20 a moderada e dois a acentuada. Na avaliação macroscópica da porção glandular, 41 (85,4%) animais apresentaram alteração em pelo menos uma das três regiões, e em somente sete (14,6%) não foram encontradas lesões em nenhuma delas. Em 14 deles, houve aumento da atividade mucípara, em dois, houve erosão e, em cinco, hiperemia. As lesões na região glandular do estômago foram mais extensas no antro e no cárdia, seguidas do fundo. Em relação à análise imuno-histoquímica, 21 (43,8%) amostras tiveram resultados negativos em todas as regiões, e 24 (50%) foram positivas em pelo menos uma delas, sendo que nenhuma foi positiva em todas. Os achados anatomopatológicos demonstraram relação estatística com a bactéria e, sua imunomarcação não associada à lesão em certas regiões gástricas, demonstra seu caráter saprofítico e oportunista.

The aim of this study was to relate the anatomopathological findings of naturally occurring subclinical gastric lesions in piglets, with or without Helicobacter spp. through immunohistochemistry. Forty-eight piglets of commercial genetic lineage were used. The animals were acquired in a commercial farm, with an average weight of 34 kg and an average age of 79 days, and after slaughter, their stomachs were collected and evaluated. Samples from the glandular and aglandular anatomical regions were evaluated. Macroscopically, 34 (70.83%) samples had lesions on aglandular region, while 14 (29.17%) nothing had. Of the injured stomachs, 14 were classified as grade 1, six as grade 2 and 14 as grade 3. Microscopically, 44 samples (91.66%) showed parakeratosis. Of these, 22 showed a discreet manner, 20 moderate and two severe. In the glandular region, in 41 (85.4%) samples there was a change in at least one of the three regions, and only seven animals (14.6%) showed no change in any of the three. Fourteen samples showed increased muciparous activity, two showed erosion and five hyperemia. The lesions were higher in antral regions and cardic, followed the fundus. In relation to immunohistochemistry, 21(43.8%) samples were negative in all areas, 24 (50%) were positive in at least one, and none were positive in all. The anatomopathological findings showed a statistical relationship with the bacteria, and its immunostaining, not associated with gastric lesions in certain regions, demonstrates its saprophytic and opportunistic character.

Associação de alterações anatomopatológicas com o Helicobacter spp. por meio de análise imuno-histoquímica em estômagos de leitões

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar os achados anatomopatológicos das lesões gástricas subclínicas de ocorrência natural em leitões com a presença, ou não, de Helicobacter spp. por meio da imuno-histoquímica. Foram utilizados 48 leitões de linhagem genética comercial. Os animais foram adquiridos em uma granja comercial, com peso médio de 34 Kg e idade média de 79 dias; após o abate, seus estômagos foram coletados e avaliados. Avaliações histopatológicas e imuno-histoquímicas foram realizadas em amostras das regiões anatômicas aglandular e glandular. Macroscopicamente, 34 (70,83%) leitões apresentaram lesões na região aglandular, enquanto que em 14 animais (29,17%) não foram encontradas alterações nesta região. Dos estômagos com lesão, 14 foram classificados como grau 1, seis como grau 2 e 14 como grau 3. Microscopicamente, 44 amostras (91,66%) apresentaram paraqueratose. Deste total, 22 apresentaram a forma discreta, 20 a moderada e dois a acentuada. Na avaliação macroscópica da porção glandular, 41 (85,4%) animais apresentaram alteração em pelo menos uma das três regiões, e em somente sete (14,6%) não foram encontradas lesões em nenhuma delas. Em 14 deles, houve aumento da atividade mucípara, em dois, houve erosão e, em cinco, hiperemia.  As lesões na região glandular do estômago foram mais extensas no antro e no cárdia, seguidas do fundo. Em relação à análise imuno

The aim of this study was to relate the anatomopathological findings of naturally occurring subclinical gastric lesions in piglets, with or without Helicobacter spp. through immunohistochemistry. Forty-eight piglets of commercial genetic lineage were used. The animals were acquired in a commercial farm, with an average weight of 34 kg and an average age of 79 days, and after slaughter, their stomachs were collected and evaluated. Samples from the glandular and aglandular anatomical regions were evaluated. Macroscopically, 34 (70.83%) samples had lesions on aglandular region, while 14 (29.17%) nothing had. Of the injured stomachs, 14 were classified as grade 1, six as grade 2 and 14 as grade 3. Microscopically, 44 samples (91.66%) showed parakeratosis. Of these, 22 showed a discreet manner, 20 moderate and two severe. In the glandular region, in 41 (85.4%) samples there was a change in at least one of the three regions, and only seven animals (14.6%) showed no change in any of the three. Fourteen samples showed increased muciparous activity, two showed erosion and five hyperemia. The lesions were higher in antral regions and cardic, followed the fundus. In relation to immunohistochemistry, 21(43.8%) samples were negative in all areas, 24 (50%) were positive in at least one, and none were positive in all. The anatomopathological findings showed a statistical relationship with the bacteria, and its immunostaining, not associated with gastric lesions in certain regions, demonstrates its saprophytic and opportunistic character.

Doenças de chinchilas (Chinchilla lanigera) / Diseases of chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)

As doenças de chinchilas foram estudadas através da avaliação de laudos de necropsia entre janeiro de 1997 e dezembro de 2011. Em 202 chinchilas necropsiadas, 189 (93,5%) tiveram o diagnóstico determinado, e 13 (6,5%) tiveram diagnóstico inconclusivo, por ausência de lesões ou autólise acentuada. Dentre as 202 chinchilas computadas, 162 eram fêmeas (80%), 37 eram machos (18%), e em quatro chinchilas (2%) o sexo não foi anotado. As chinchilas tinham entre um dia a 12 anos de idade. As doenças foram agrupadas nas seguintes categorias: doenças inflamatórias, doenças causadas por intoxicações, doenças causadas por agentes físicos, doenças metabólicas, doenças parasitárias, doenças degenerativas, distúrbios circulatórios, neoplasmas, distúrbios do desenvolvimento e "outros distúrbios". As doenças inflamatórias foram as mais prevalentes (52 casos [25,7%]) e foram representadas por casos de gastrite (10 casos), listeriose (5 casos), septicemia (5 casos), broncopneumonia bacteriana (4 casos), enterite necrosante (4 casos), piometra (4 casos), diarreia com isolamento de Proteus sp. (3 casos), abscessos subcutâneos e em linfonodos (2 casos), endometrite (2 casos), otite (2 casos), pielonefrite (2 casos), abscesso do ligamento redondo do fígado (1 caso), pneumonia fibrinosa (1 caso), pneumonia intersticial (1 caso), hepatite e colecistite com isolamento de Salmonella sp. (1 caso), histiocitose pulmonar (1 caso), miosite linfo-histiocítica (1 caso) e um caso de dermatofitose (Trichopyton metagrophytes). O segundo grupo de doenças mais prevalentes foram as intoxicações (22,3%), representado por 45 casos de intoxicação por salinomicina. As doenças causadas por agentes físicos (21 casos [10,4%]) incluíam casos de traumas causados por outros animais (8 casos), automutilação após injeção intramuscular (8 casos), prolapso de reto (3 casos) e parto distócico (2 casos). A categoria de doenças metabólicas foi representada por 16 casos (7,9%) de lipidose hepática. As doenças parasitárias (8 casos [4%]) consistiram em infestação por pulga (4 casos), piolho (3 casos) e giardíase (1 caso). Doenças degenerativas (4 casos [2,5%]) incluíam insuficiência renal crônica (2 casos), necrose aleatória de hepatócitos (1 caso) e necrose muscular de origem desconhecida (1 caso). Os distúrbios circulatórios incluíram dois casos (0,99%) de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Neoplasmas foram representados por dois casos (0,99%) de adenocarcinoma gástrico. Um caso de atresia ani, associado a ausência do trato reprodutor, intestino grosso e rins policíticos representou a categoria de distúrbios do desenvolvimento (0,5%). Algumas doenças não se enquadraram nas categorias acima e foram enquadradas em "outros distúrbios" (38 casos [18,8%]). Nesta categoria, doenças dentárias foi o distúrbio mais comum, diagnosticado em 9% (18 de 202) de todas as chinchilas examinadas. Seguido por casos de hipertermia (14 casos), dois casos de anemia, dois casos de metaplasia de células adiposas do córtex da adrenal, e dois casos de mucometra.(AU)

Diseases of chinchilla were studied through the review of necropsy reports of 202 postmortem examinations carried out in this species from January 1997 to December 2011. One hundred and eighty nine of these necropsies (93.5%) had a conclusive diagnosis and in 13 (6.5%) a conclusive diagnosis was not reached due either absence of lesions or advanced autolysis. One hundred and sixty two (80%) of the necropsied chinchilla were females and 37 (18%) were males and the sex was not recorded in four cases (2%). Ages of necropsied chinchillas varied from one day to 12-years-old. The encountered diseases were grouped in the following categories: inflammatory diseases, diseases caused by intoxications, diseases caused by physical agents, metabolic diseases, parasitism, degenerative diseases, circulatory disturbances, developmental disorders and "other disorders". Inflammatory diseases were the most prevalent (52 cases [25.7%]) and included gastritis (10 cases), necrotizing enteritis (6 cases), listeriosis (5 cases), septicemia (5 cases), bacterial bronchopneumonia (4 cases), pyometra (4 cases), diarrhea associated with Proteus sp. (3 cases), subcutaneous and lymph node abscesses (2 cases), endometritis (2 cases), otitis (2 cases), pyelonephritis (2 cases), abscesses in hepatic the round ligament (1 cases), fibrinous pneumonia (1 case), interstitial pneumonia (1 case), hepatitis and cholecystitis associated with Salmonella sp. (1 case), pulmonary histiocytosis (1 case), and dermatophytosis by Trichopyton metagrophytes (1 case). The second most prevalent group of diseases was that caused by intoxications (22,3% of the cases) including 45 cases of intoxication by salinomycin. Diseases caused by physical agents (21 cases [10.4%]) included trauma cases caused by other animals (8 cases), self mutilation secondary to intramuscular injection (8 cases), rectal prolapsed (3 cases) and dystocia (2 cases). Metabolic diseases were represented by 16 cases (7.9%) of hepatic lipidosis. Parasitic diseases were represented by 8 cases (4%) flea (4 cases) lice (3 cases) infestations and one case o giardiasis. Degenerative diseases (4 cases or 2,5%) included two cases of chronic renal failure, one case of scattered hepatocellular necrosis and one case of muscle necrosis of unknown origin. Circulatory disturbances included two cases (0.99%) of congestive heart failure. Neoplasms were represented by two cases (0.99%) of gastric adenocarcinoma. Developmental disorders included one (0,5%) case of atresia ani associated with polycystic kidneys and absence of reproductive tract and large intestine. Thirty eight cases (18.8%) did not fit in any of the above categories and were placed as "other disorders". In this category dental disease was the most commonly (8 cases or 9%) diagnosed disorder, followed by 14 cases (6,9%) of hyperthermia, tow cases of anemia, two cases of fat metaplasia of adrenal cortex and two cases of mucometra.(AU)

Presencia de organismo asociados a helicobacter (HLO) después de 21 días de tratamiento en perros asintomáticos: un estudio preliminar / Presence of helicobacter like organisms after twenty one days of treatment in asympotomatic dogs: a preliminar study

La presencia de Organismos Asociados a Helicobacter (HLO), en el estomago de perros y gatos ha sido descrito previamente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la presencia de Organismos Asociados a Helicobacter, después de 21 días de tratamiento en perros asintomáticos. Siete perros fueron tratados durante 21 días con doxiciclina comercial en dosis 20mg/kg/día. Muestras de estomago fueron colectadas por gastroendoscopia. Secciones de tejido gástrico fueron procesadas, coloreadas con Hematoxilina y Eosina (H&E) y observadas en el microscopio óptico. Ninguno de los perros presento signos clínicos previos de enfermedad gastrointestinal. En el examen gastroendoscopico previo al tratamiento fue observada una mucosa gástrica normal en 1/7 perros, gastritis aguda superficial 3/7, gastritis crónica superficial 1/7, gastritis crónica atrófica 1/7 y gastritis erosiva ulcerosa 1/7. El estudio histopatológico revelo gastritis aguda superficial, erosión focal e hiperqueratosis con infiltración de linfocitos en la lamina propia. La presencia de bacterias tipo espiroquetas en el moco gástrico y en las glándulas fúndicas fue observada y asociada con lesiones gástricas. La evaluación gastroendoscopica después del tratamiento con doxiciclina revelo: 4/7 perros con mucosa gástrica normal, 2/7 con gastritis aguda superficial y 1/7 con gastritis crónica superficial. Los cortes histológicos de mucosa gástrica evidenciaron gastritis aguda superficial, erosión focal e hiperqueratosis focal infiltrado por linfocitos en la lámina propia. Ninguna muestra mostró bacterias tipo espiroquetas después del tratamiento con doxiciclina.Estos resultados nos permiten concluir que el tratamiento con doxiciclina es efectivo sobre la presencia de Organismos Asociados a Helicobacter en la mucosa gástrica de caninos

The presence of gastric Helicobacter-like organisms (HLO) in the stomach of dogs and cats has been known for many years, but the relationship between those organisms and gastric disease remains controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of Helicobacter like organisms after twenty one days of treatment in asymptomatic dogs. Seven dogs were treated for 21 days with commercial doxycycline at a dose of 20mg/kg/day. Stomach samples were collected by gastroendoscopy from 7 dogs, before an after doxycycline treatment. Gastric tissue sections were prepared and stained with Hematoxilin & Eosin (H&E) for light microscopy. None of these dogs showed previous clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. In the gastroendoscopy study after of doxycycline treatment we found a normal gastric mucosa in 1/7 dogs, acute superficial gastritis in 3/7, chronic superficial gastritis in 1/7, chronic atrophic gastritis 1/7 and chronic ulcer-erosive gastritis in 1/7. The histopathological study showed acute surface gastritis, focal erosion and hyperkeratosis with lymphocytes infiltration in the lamina propria. The presence of spirochetal shaped bacterias in the gastric mucus and fundus mucousglands were observed associated with gastric lesions. Gastroendoscopy after treatment with doxycycline reveled: 4/7 gastric mucosa normal, 2/7 superficial acute gastritis and 1/7 superficial chronic gastritis. Histopathology showed acute gastritis surface, erosion focal and hyperkeratosis focal infiltrated of lymphocytes in the lamina propria. None samples showed spiral shape bacterial after the treatment with doxyclyne. We conclude that doxycycline is effective for HLO on presence in gastric mucosa of dogs

Immunodetection of Helicobacter sp. and the associated expression of ABO blood group antigens in the gastric mucosa of captive and free-living New World primates in the Amazon region

The histo-blood group ABH antigens were first described in humans. These antigens are only present on erythrocytes from great apes and humans, while in more primitive animals they are found in tissues and body fluids. The ABH antigens are mainly distributed in tissues exposed to the external environment and potentially serve as ligands for pathogens or inhibitors of tissue connections. The objective of this paper was two-fold: (i) to determine the presence of Helicobacter sp. in the gastric mucosa of 16 captive and 24 free-living New World monkeys and (ii) to evaluate the presence of histopathological alterations related to bacterial infection and the associated expression of ABH antigens in the tissue. Stomach tissues from 13 species of monkey were assessed using haematoxylin-eosin and modified Gram staining (Hucker) methods. An immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue revealed the presence of infectious bacteria that were characteristic of the genus Helicobacter sp. The results demonstrate that various species of monkey might be naturally infected with the Helicobacter sp. and that there is an increased susceptibility to infection. This study serves as a comparative analysis of infection between human and non-human primates and indicates the presence of a new species of Helicobacter.

Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatorydrug on prevalence of helicobacter like organisms in gastric mucosa of thoroughbreds horses

The aim of this study was describe effects of NonsteroidalAnti-inflammatory drug on prevalence of Helicobacter LikeOrganisms in gastric mucosa of Thoroughbreds horses. Werestudied 54 Thoroughbred horses in the national race Track“La Rinconada” Caracas-Venezuela. All equine were treatedby seven days with phenylbutazone at an intravenous doseof 4.4 mg/kg. All horses presented Equine gastric ulcer syndromeacute superficial gastritis (25/54), chronic gastritis witherosion focal (16/54), chronic gastritis with erosion focal andulcers (14/54) in the gastric in both regions mucosa squamousregion and glandular regions (fundus). Helicobacter Like Organismsinfection in the stomach was confirmed by Warthin-Starry (38/54). Gastric mucosa revealed numerous spiralshapedbacteria morphologically resembling Helicobacter LikeOrganisms in squamous regions, margo plicatus (20/38) andnumerous spiral-shaped bacteria in fundic glands (18/54). Inconclusion, we detected high presence of Helicobacter LikeOrganisms in the gastric mucosa of Thoroughbred horse’streatment with phenylbutazone.

High prevalence of dna from non-H. pylori helicobacters in the gastric mucosa of venezuelan pet dogs and its histological alterations / Alta prevalencia de ADN de los helicobacteres no-H. pylori en la mucosa gástrica de perros domésticos venezolanos y sus alteraciones histopatológicas

Non-H. pylori helicobacters (NHPH) have been demonstrated as gastric spiral-shaped bacteria in specimens obtained from dogs; however, their roles in the pathogenesis of upper gastrointestinal disease have not yet been clearly established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of NHPH DNA in the gastric mucosa of dogs and its association with histopathology. Helicobacter was detected through histopathological techniques, PCR, and FISH analysis from fundic biopsies of twenty dogs with or without signs of gastrointestinal disease. PCR and FISH were based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. Nineteen dogs showed mild to marked gastritis in the fundus, and only one dog had a healthy gastric mucosa. NHPH DNA was detected in 18 dogs with gastritis and one with normal gastric mucosa. However, there was no significant correlation between the presence of NHPH DNA and the degree of gastritis. These results show a high prevalence of NHPH DNA in the gastric mucosa of dogs from Venezuela. Further studies are necessary to determine a possible association between a specific NHPH species and the degree of gastritis.

Los helicobacteres no-H. pylori (NHPH, por sus siglas en inglés) han sido demostrados como bacterias gástricas de forma espiral; sin embargo, sus roles en la patogénesis de la enfermedad gastrointestinal superior no han sido claramente establecidos. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de ADN de los NHPH en la mucosa gástrica de perros y su asociación con histopatología. Helicobacter fue detectado a través de técnicas histopatológicas, análisis de PCR y FISH en biopsias del fundus gástrico de 20 perros con o sin signos de enfermedad gastrointestinal. La PCR y FISH se basaron en secuencias parciales del gen ARNr 16S. Diecinueve perros mostraron gastritis leve a marcada en el fundus gástrico y sólo un perro tuvo una mucosa gástrica sana. El ADN de los NHPH fue detectado en 18 perros con gastritis y uno con mucosa gástrica normal. Sin embargo, no hubo correlación significativa entre la presencia de ADN de los NHPH y el grado de gastritis. Estos resultados demuestran una alta prevalencia de ADN de los NHPH en la mucosa gástrica de perros de Venezuela. Futuros estudios son necesarios para determinar la posible asociación entre una especie específica de los HNPH y el grado de gastritis.

Relación entre el grado de contacto perro-propietario y la carga de helicobacterias en mucosa gástrica canina / Relationship between grade of contact dog-owner and the helicobacterias on gastric mucosa

Las helicobacterias son bacterias Gram negativas de forma curva o helicoidal ampliamente distribuidas en estómago de humanos y de diversos animales, ya sea como microbiota normal o causante de patologías gastrointestinales. El objetivo del trabajo consistió en determinar la relación entre la presencia y carga de helicobacterias en caninos, con el grado de contacto con sus propietarios positivos a estas bacterias utilizando el test rápido de ureasa. Se utilizó una muestra de 31 perros sanos de la ciudad de Chillán, Chile, de los cuales por vía endoscópica se obtuvo biopsias de mucosa de fundus gástrico, los cuales se sometieron al test rápido de ureasa. Los propietarios de estos caninos eran todos positivos a helicobacterias, lo que fue determinado a través del mismo test. El noventa y siete porciento de las biopsias caninas fueron positivas a helicobacterias. El treinta y nueve por ciento de las biopsias que reaccionó positivamente al test de ureasa en menor tiempo, pertenecían a caninos cuyo grado de contacto con sus propietarios era muy cercano. Los resultados sugieren que las altas cargas de helicobacterias encontradas en los caninos podrían deberse al mayor grado de contacto que tienen estos animales con sus propietarios. Por ello, sería importante determinar, en futuros estudios, si estas mascotas pueden ser reservorio o fuente de transmisión para las personas o viceversa y las especies bacterianas involucradas.

Helicobacter, Gram negative bacterias are curved or helicoidal microorganisms, widely spread in the stomach of humans and several animals, found as normal microbiota or causing of gastrointestinal pathologies. The objective of the work consisted of determining the relation between the presence and loads of helicobacterias in canine, with the degree of contact with its positive owners proprietors to these bacteria using rapid urease test. A sample of 31 healthy dogs of the city of Chillán, Chile were used, from which gastric fungus biopsies were obtained by endoscopy. These biopsies were put under the Rapid Urease Test. The owner of these canines were all positive for helicobacteria, determined by means of the same test. Ninety sevent percent of the canine biopsies were positive for helicobacteria. Thirty nine percent of the biopsies with the fastest positive reaction to the urease test belonged to canines with a high contact grade to their owners. The results suggest that the high charges of helicobacteria found in canines could be because of the higher contact grade of these animals with their owner. It would be important then to determine in future studies, whether if these pets could be a reserve or a transmission source for people, or viceverse, and the bacterial species involved.